Purpose: This study aims at examining patients across primary angle-closure disease
(PACD) spectrum consisting of PAC suspect (PACS), PAC, and PAC glaucoma
(PACG), their untreated first-degree relatives and studying their biometric parameters.
Materials and Methods: Sixty newly diagnosed patients of PACD (22 with PACS, 20
with PAC, and 18 with PACG) were enrolled as index cases. One hundred and eightytwo
first-degree relatives of these 60 newly diagnosed patients were enrolled as study
population of relatives. Biometric parameters of relatives were compared with index
cases. Overall incidence and relative risk (RR) of getting angle-closure disease among
first-degree relatives were analyzed.
Results: Axial length (AXL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and aqueous depth (AQD)
were highest in index cases of PACS followed by PAC and then PACG. In our study,
mean AXL was found to be the shortest in the index cases of PACG (22.18±0.23 mm)
as compared to PAC (22.85±0.24 mm) and PACS (22.56±0.15 mm). ACD and AQD
followed the disease severity trend, being highest in PACS group followed by PAC and
then PACG. In relatives, a significant difference was found in mean AQD of index cases
and unaffected relatives (P = 0.001), AQD being higher in the latter. Nearly a third
(31.1%; 19/61) siblings of PAC and PACG together had the angle-closure disease, while
38.46% (10/26) siblings of PACS had the angle-closure disease. The RR of having PAC
was much higher in PACG relatives (1.83) than PAC relatives (0.74) as compared to the
baseline population of PACS relatives. Thus, the RR of having any subtype of PACD was
much more in first-degree relatives of PACG (1.44) than those of PAC (0.82).
Conclusion: Parameters, such as ACD, AQD, and AXL, follow a disease severity trend
and can be used for population screening. First-degree relatives, especially siblings of
patients with PACG, must undergo screening for timely detection of angle-closure
disease.
Key words: Angle closure, biometry, glaucoma, primary
angle-closure glaucoma, primary angle-closure
suspect, primary angle closure, screening
How to cite this article: Kumar S, Ichhpujani P, Beke N,
Thakur S. First-degree relatives of patients with angleclosure
disease: A biometric evaluation. Cli Exp Vis Eye Res
J 2020;3(1):31-35.
Received: 21-06-2020;
Accepted: 27-06-2020